Hundreds of civil rights activists from around the nation descended on Mississippi in 1964 in an effort to help local Black residents register to vote. Known as Freedom Summer, community organizers including Fannie Lou Hamer (1917-1977) and Bob Moses of SNCC led efforts to assist these activists who would, in turn, offer services in the form of integrated Freedom Schools and desegregated Freedom Libraries. In response, Mississippi authorities arrested hundreds of activists. Segregationists bombed and burned dozens of churches, and black homes and businesses. Volunteers were beaten and, on June 21, three activists James Chaney, Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner, were murdered. Although relatively few Black Mississippian were successfully registered to vote, Freedom Summer helped focus national attention on the civil rights movement.